Denmark during World War II and the Holocaust: a controversial reality Introduction: a unique occupation regime Denmark was occupied by German troops on April 9, 1940, as part of Operation "Weserübung." However, the Danish case became unique in the history of Nazi occupation in Europe. Until August 1943, Denmark maintained formal sovereignty, a functioning parliament, a government led by the Social Democrat Thorvald Stauning, an army, and even King Christian X. This special status, known as the "model of collaboration" or "policy of appeasement," defined the country's specific position and influenced the fate of Danish Jews. "Model 1940-1943": collaboration and compromise The German command was interested in maintaining the Danish economy as a source of agricultural products (meat, butter) and the uninterrupted operation of industry. Denmark received the status of a "model protectorate." In exchange for political loyalty and economic supplies to Germany, Danish authorities retained control over internal affairs. In the first years of occupation, there was no martial law introduced in Denmark, racial laws in their German version did not apply, and the small German administration barely interfered in everyday life. Interesting fact: According to a widespread but historically unconfirmed legend, King Christian X allegedly wore a yellow Star of David as a sign of solidarity with Jews. There was never a real decree on the wearing of stars in Denmark. However, the king did exert private pressure on the government to protect Jewish citizens, and his daily horseback rides through Copenhagen without heavy security became a symbol of Danish calm and dignity. The turning point of 1943: from collaboration to resistance The situation changed sharply in the summer-fall of 1943. Dissatisfaction with the occupation grew, acts of sabotage increased, and military defeats of Germany at Stalingrad and in Africa changed the strategic picture. On August 29, 1943, German authorities prese ... Читать далее