The Horse as a Cultural Talisman: A Sacral Symbol from the Steppes of Eurasia to China and Europe Introduction: Domestication and Sacralization The horse (Equus ferus caballus), domesticated in the territory of present-day Kazakhstan (Botai culture, ca. 3500 BCE), became not only a transport and economic resource but also a key mythological and ritual symbol in many cultures. Its role as a talisman (protector, bringing luck) originates from three basic attributes: speed (connection with the sun, time, news), strength/fertility, and liminality (mediator between worlds). These attributes were interpreted differently in various cultural areas, creating a complex spectrum of connotations. 1. Eurasian Steppes: The Horse-Sun, Horse-Ancestor For nomadic peoples (Mongols, Turks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz), the horse was the foundation of economy and war, which accounted for its deep sacralization. Cult of the Horse-Sun: In many Turkic and Mongolian peoples, a white or golden horse was considered the embodiment or companion of the sun. Ritual horse races and sacrifices (such as in the Yakut festival of Ysyakh) were intended to ensure fertility, luck in the coming year, and the favor of the gods. The mane and tail symbolized solar rays. Talisman-protections: The skin, skull, or image of a horse were used as protective symbols. "Horse heads" (zhuzes) on the roofs of yurts among Kazakhs and Kyrgyz served as a protector of the dwelling, driving away evil spirits. Tuvins and Altaians still have the tradition of tying ritual ribbons (chalam, yalam) to trees in sacred places, representing them as "horses" for spirits, which provides protection and benevolence. Myth of origin: Legendary ancestor Chinggis Khan, Borte-Chino ("Grey Wolf"), according to the "Secret History of the Mongols," was born by the will of the Heavenly Father (Tengri) and moved, guided by the deer-maral. But it was through the horse that his mission was realized. The horse here is not just an animal but a sacred companion, ... Read more