Introduction The Late Cenozoic is the time of the emergence and evolution of man and human society. The development of ancient man is closely connected with changes in the natural environment and climate: they significantly influenced the living conditions and lifestyle, the choice of places of existence, the possibilities and ways of settlement, the development of adaptation to the environment, and biological evolution. The reliability of information about the patterns of changes in the natural environment and climate, the sequence of stages of human development and human society, and possible ways of its settlement is determined by the state of knowledge of the Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy and chronology. Establishing the exact stratigraphic position and determining the geological age of Paleolithic sites depends on the possibility of conducting detailed stratigraphic studies of the surrounding sediments. The need to develop a detailed stratigraphy of the Upper Cenozoic of Western Siberia for archaeology is due to the recent availability of data that make it possible to significantly lengthen the time of human appearance in this territory (Derevyanko, 2005). The south of Western Siberia is one of the few regions in the world where the continental Upper Cenozoic is most fully represented, with rich paleontological characteristics and representative dating material that provide reliable recording of changes in the natural environment and climate. The geological sections of the Cenozoic in this territory are unique archives containing huge information about the history of the formation of the modern climate and the natural environment of this territory. The Upper Miocene and Pliocene of the plain is composed of lacustrine, riverine, and sub-aerial deposits. In the south-east of the plain, there are unique loess-soil sections that clearly reflect the climatic changes of the Quaternary period. The record of climatic events established in the loess-soil layer of Western ... Read more