The XXIV Congress of the CPSU emphasized the importance of solving the problem of " organically combining the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution with the advantages of the socialist economic system, and developing more widely the forms of combining science and production inherent in socialism."1 In this regard, it is of great importance to study the socio-economic consequences of scientific and technological progress under socialism. This problem has already been reflected in Soviet historiography .2 Serious attention is paid to it in I. I. Bodyul's monograph " Socio-economic relations in the countryside at the stage of developed socialism "(Moscow, 1974). This article is devoted to elucidating some of the economic and social consequences of scientific and technological progress in agriculture of the Moldavian SSR in 1959-1970. One of the directions of scientific and technological progress in the Moldovan agriculture in these years was mechanization - rapid and comprehensive equipping of its machines and mechanisms, improving the quality of their use. The main agricultural production funds of the collective and state farms of the republic continuously increased during this period. During the eighth five-year plan alone, they grew almost twofold and in 1970 reached the amount of 1,457. 4 million rubles .3 By this time, there were 35.4 thousand tractors, 3.4 thousand grain harvesters, 2.6 thousand corn harvesters, 2.2 thousand silage harvesters and 1.2 thousand beet harvesters in the republic's agriculture, 20.1 thousand trucks, and many other agricultural equipment .4 On average, there were 106 tractors per collective farm or state farm in 1970, compared to 29 in 1959.5 At the same time, the equipment supplied to the collective and state farms of the republic has changed significantly over the years, now they receive powerful high-speed machines that provide higher labor productivity. Rapid quantitative and qualitative changes in the fleet of ... Read more