On the walls of Egyptian tombs of officials and nobles, as well as funeral temples of the New Kingdom era, there are images of foreigners carrying a wide variety of gifts from their country. Among the many scenes of offering gifts, one of the most interesting is one of the types of vessels that are offered-bowls, amphorae, or lydions made of gold, silver, or electrum - whose characteristic feature is a figure of a sitting frog placed either on a pedestal in the center or on a lid. In this article, the author sets out to clarify the semantics of such an image of a frog as one of the elements of an offering.
Keywords: frog image, offering vessels, ancient Egypt, New Kingdom, Nile
The following images of offerings were selected as the material for consideration:
* A fragment of the tomb painting of Amunejeh, ruler of Naharina (TT 84) (during the reign of Thutmose III, approximately 1479-1425 BC) (Fig.
* An image from the tomb of the priest of Amun Puimr (TT 39), also dating back to the reign of Thutmose III (Fig.
* Image from the tomb of Menkheperraseneb, high priest of Amun, in the time of Thutmose III (TT 86) (Fig. 3);
* Image from the tomb of the chief of archers, who had the title "chief of the two lands of Retenu" (Palestine), Amenmosis, during the reign of Thutmose III (TT 42);
* Image from the tomb of the chief of the herds of Amon Ken-Amun (TT 93) during the reign of Amenhotep II (approximately 1428-1397 BC) (Figure 4);
* An image from the tomb of Sobekhotep (TT 63), dating from the reign of Thutmose IV (approximately 1397-1388 BC) (Figure 5);
* A fragment from the tomb of Heya, the pharaoh's viceroy in Nubia (TT 40), during the reign of Tutankhamun (approximately 1333-1323 BC) (Fig.
* A vessel found in the tomb of Iuya and Tuya, the parents of Queen Theia, wife of Amenhotep III (KV 46) (reigned approximately 1388-1351 BC);
* A vessel depicted among other offerings to the gods of Thebes - Amun, Khonsu and Mut, on the wall of the funeral temple of Ramesses III ( ...
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