UDC 551 +903 - 03 V. S. Mosin 1, V. Yu. Nikolsky 2 1 Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, South Ural Branch 68 Kommuny St., Chelyabinsk, 454091, Russia E-mail: sud_arh@csc.ac.ru; mvs54@mail.ru 2 Chelyabinsk Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 68 Kommuny St., Chelyabinsk, 454091, Russia E-mail: sud_arh@csc.ac.ru; mvs54@mail.ru For the first time in the history of the Stone Age in the Ural region, complex geological and archaeological studies have worked out the relationship between the locations of siliceous rocks and the geological structure of the Southern Urals. The siliceous rocks that were mainly used by the inhabitants of this territory in the Stone Age include phthanites, phthanitoids, jaspers, novaculites, as well as minerals such as quartz, opal, and chalcedony. The highest concentration of silicites is observed in the eugeosynclinal region of the Urals, mainly within the Magnitogorsk structural and formation zone. Their main outcrops are usually located on low ridges, hills and hills among Paleozoic volcanogenic rocks. Observations have established the distribution of silicite clastic material up to the eastern boundary of the continental-marine basement plain. A model of possible ways and means of developing the raw material base of the ancient population of the region is constructed. Key words: phthanites, phthanitoids, jaspers, distribution of siliceous rocks, variants of material culture, adaptation. Introduction The Ural Mountains begin at the Kara Sea and extend in an almost continuous chain up to the sands of the Aral-Caspian lowland - from 69 to 47° N. For ease of study and description, the Ural Range is usually divided into four parts: the Polar Urals, the Northern, Middle and Southern. According to modern geographical zoning, the Southern Urals is located south of 55° 5' n. Its northern boundary is considered to be the valley of the Ufa River, its southern bo ... Read more