The Phenomenon of "Mountain Madness": Neurophysiology of Altitude Euphoria Introduction: The Paradox of Height — From Fear to Euphoria The phenomenon known in the mountaineering community as "mountain madness," "high-altitude bliss," or, in Japanese tradition, "ikaru," is a complex psychophysiological syndrome that occurs at high altitudes (usually above 2500-3000 meters). This state is characterized by inappropriate euphoria, loss of critical judgment, a sense of omnipotence, and ignoring danger, which often leads to fatal decisions. Contrary to romanticized notions, this is not a spiritual uplift, but a pathological change in brain function under hypoxia, posing a serious threat to life. Neurophysiological Mechanisms: The Brain Under Oxygen Deprivation The key cause is hypobaric hypoxia (reduction in partial pressure of oxygen). The brain, consuming 20% of the total oxygen, is extremely sensitive to its deficiency. A cascade of pathological reactions develops: Disfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC): This area is responsible for executive functions: planning, risk assessment, decision-making, impulse control. Under hypoxia, its activity is suppressed first. A person loses the ability to adequately assess the situation, ignores basic safety rules, and acts impulsively. This resembles a state of alcohol or drug intoxication. Compensatory activation of the limbic system and release of neurotransmitters: In response to stress and hypoxia, dopamine, endorphins, and serotonin are released. This may cause a subjective feeling of euphoria, bliss, a false sense of strength and lightness. At the same time, the hippocampus (responsible for memory and orientation) and the amygdala (processing fear) are disrupted, leading to disorientation, memory lapses, and the loss of the fear — a key protective mechanism in the mountains. Disruption of cerebral blood flow and edema: Under hypoxia, cerebral blood flow increases to compensate, but in a maladaptive ascent, this may lead to ... Read more