Norway is a country where winter lasts for half a year, and the temperature can drop to -40°C. At the same time, Norwegians pay 2-3 times less for heating than Russians (relative to income). The secret lies in energy-saving technologies and mindset. We tell you how Norwegian houses are designed and what we should learn from them. Passive Houses (Passivhaus) In Norway, houses are built that require almost no heating. Thick walls (30-50 cm of insulation), triple-glazed windows, sealed doors. Heat from people, household appliances, and sunlight is enough to maintain +20°C even in the cold. Ventilation with heat recovery (95% of heat is returned). Radiators are not used in such houses. The construction cost is 10-15% higher than usual, but it pays off in 5-7 years. There are more than 20,000 passive houses in Norway (for a population of 5 million). Smart metering and tariffs Each house has a "smart" meter that transmits real-time consumption data. Tariffs fluctuate: cheaper at night (2-3 times), more expensive during the day. Norwegians do laundry, wash dishes, charge electric cars at night. There is also a "dynamic tariff" program: when the wind is strong (a lot of electricity), the price drops to zero. The house automatically turns on heating. Smart sockets disconnect "vampires" (televisions, chargers in standby mode). Electricity consumption for heating is reduced by 20-30%. Heat pumps (not gas) There are almost no gas boiler houses in Norway. 90% of houses are heated by heat pumps (air-air, air-water, ground-source). The pump takes heat even from cold air (down to -30°C). Efficiency is 3-4 kW of heat per 1 kW of electricity. The state subsidizes installation (up to 50% of the cost). Ban on oil heaters. Thanks to pumps, the average heating bill is 1000 kroner (8000 rubles?) per month, with a salary of 40,000 kroner. In Russia, gas is still burned in boiler houses (losses up to 30%). Geothermal heating Geothermal pumps are popular in Norway. A pipe with antifreeze is ... Read more