Narcissism in the Character and Behavior of a Man: From an Adaptive Trait to a Personality Disorder Introduction: the phenomenon of the grandiose "I" in male socialization Narcissism as a psychological construct exists on a continuum from healthy self-confidence to pathological personality disorder. In the context of male socialization, where traditionally dominance, competition, and the demonstration of success are encouraged, narcissistic traits may not only be condoned but also mistakenly taken for leadership strength. However, behind the facade of grandiosity lies a fragile self-esteem dependent on external approval, leading to destructive patterns in relationships and professional activities. A scientific analysis of this phenomenon requires distinguishing between a character trait (subclinical narcissism) and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), which is already a psychiatric diagnosis (cluster B according to DSM-5). Structure and Manifestations: Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism Contemporary psychology identifies two interrelated forms often coexisting in one person: Grandiose (overt) narcissism: Characterized by demonstrative superiority, a need for admiration, a sense of entitlement, exploitativeness in relationships, and a lack of empathy. This is a public mask. A man with such traits may be a charismatic leader but may exhibit emotional abuse, devaluation of the partner, jealousy, and anger in response to criticism (narcissistic injury). Vulnerable (hidden) narcissism: Manifests as a constant need for confirmation of self-worth, chronic envy, hypersensitivity to others' evaluations, perfectionism, and a hidden sense of inadequacy. Such a man may seem shy, sensitive, and constantly comparing himself to others. Etiology: why does a narcissistic structure form? The development of narcissism in men is related to a complex interplay of factors: Early child-parent relationships (psychodynamic approach): According to Otto Kernberg and Heinz Kohut, narcissi ... Читать далее