Introduction Reconstruction of the paleoeconomics of carriers of several archaeological cultures of the Amur basin in the late Pleistocene - early Holocene allows us to trace the dynamics of the main economic activity of the ancient population of this region for almost 15 thousand years. The difficulty of solving this problem is related to the lack of a number of very important data for objective reasons. Due to the acidity of the soils of the southern Russian Far East, faunal and floristic remains are very rare at Late Paleolithic and Early Neolithic sites. Therefore, the main source for studying the economic activity of the ancient population of the Amur basin is functional studies of stone tools. The poor factual base, of course, complicates the interpretation of archaeological materials and makes some conclusions, perhaps not convincing enough. A favorable point is that in this territory, cultures developed for a long time without any noticeable external influences. For comparative analysis, stone tools of the Selemdzha, Gromatukha, Osipovskaya, and Malyshevskaya cultures were selected. Selemdzhinskaya is one of the most studied Late Paleolithic cultures in Northern Asia. Related localities were studied in the Selemdzhi River basin and on the Middle Amur. Four culture-bearing horizons were identified at the sites in the chronological range 27 (26) - 12 Ka BP (Derevyanko and Zenin, 1995; Derevyanko, Volkov, and Lee Hongjong, 1998). In the Selemdzhi River basin, 10 localities located on basement terraces were studied, where the sedimentation process, regardless of their level (II-IV), began at the end of the Karginsky warming period of 27-25 thousand years ago. The lower kulyu-containing horizon lies on a thin soil layer formed at the end of the Karginsky warming, or directly on the basement of the terraces. The materials of the Selemdzha culture from all the Kulyur-containing horizons show common traditions in the primary splitting, commonality of the main morpho ... Read more