Based on data on 30 discrete-variable features, 58 skulls from the Ekvensky and 107 from the Uelensky burial grounds belonging to the ancient Bering Sea culture of Chukotka were studied. The similarity of the ancient Bering Sea populations not only with the modern Arctic, but also with the Baikal groups was found. This can be explained both by the contacts of the continental and Arctic Mongoloids of Siberia in ancient times, and by the commonality of their genetic roots. The results of a comparison of ancient populations of Chukotka with the Neolithic population of the Baikal region and southern Mongoloids suggest that the formation of a Proto-Eskimo-Aleutian ethno-cultural community could have occurred on the territory of Chukotka in the process of cultural and biological adaptation to the extreme conditions of Beringia of groups of both the intra-continental population of Siberia and migrants from South Asia and the Pacific region. Keywords: anthropology, discrete-variable characteristics, ancient population of Chukotka, Chukchi, Eskimos. When comparing modern and ancient populations based on craniometric data, we often encounter the phenomenon of epochal variability of traits, which distorts the real picture of the genetic relationships between these populations. More precise information about genetic succession can be obtained by using traits that reflect the genetic structure of populations and are not subject to time variability. This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of ancient Beringomorian and modern North Asian populations using discrete-variable features on the skull. Their use as" genetic markers " is quite justified, since discrete variations in the structure of the skull belong to a special class of morphological features - phenes. Population phenetics suggests that hair dryers reflect the genetic constitution of an individual, and their frequency reflects the genetic characteristics of a group of individuals. This makes it possible to exten ... Read more