The current contradictions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have deep historical roots. The anti-colonial struggle of the peoples of British India was successfully completed in 1947, when on August 14, Pakistan was declared an independent state, receiving the status of a dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations, and on August 15, 1947, the independence of India (under the name of the Indian Union) was proclaimed with the same status. The territories inhabited mainly by Hindus became part of India, and the territories inhabited mainly by Muslims became part of Pakistan. After the partition, only the problem of belonging to Kashmir remained, in an attempt to solve it by force, a part of the population of the North-West Border Province (NWFP) was soon drawn in, and specifically, the band 1 tribes, and in particular, the Afridi and Momand tribes. Keywords: Northwest Frontier Province, NWFP, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, India, Pakistan, Pashtunistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, jihad, Nehru, Jinnah, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Khan Sahib, Abdul Qayyum Khan, Faqir, Waziristan, Bhutto, INC., Muslim League, Pashtuns, Khudai Khidmatgar. The territory of the province, now called Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with its center in Peshawar, consists of administrative districts subordinate to the provincial government, and a band of free Pashtun tribes subordinate directly to the Government of Pakistan. The laws of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan apply to the territory of administrative districts. On the territory of the free tribes, the Pashtunwali (or Pashtunvalai) code of customary law applies, and in practice much depends on the will of the tribal leaders. This province was formed from territories torn away by the British Empire from Afghanistan as a result of an agreement signed with the Afghan Emir Abdurrahman Khan in 1893. Along it, the border between British India and Afghanistan began to run along the so-called Durand Line (named after the British official M. Durand, who carried out the demar ... Read more