Precariat in Modern Social Stratification: A New Dangerous Formation Precariat (from English precarious — unstable, risky) is an emerging social class characterized by unstable employment, lack of social guarantees and professional identity, as well as political and legal vulnerability. Unlike the traditional proletariat, the precariat has a more complex structure and a specific consciousness, making it a key actor and challenge for modern stratification. Genesis and Theoretical Understanding The concept of the precariat has been actively developed since the early 2000s, most fully presented in the works of British sociologist Guy Standing ("The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class", 2011). Standing views the precariat as a result of neoliberal reforms ("global transformation of labor markets"), including: Deregulation of labor relations (weakening of protection against layoffs). Individualization of labor contracts. Active state support for the flexibility of the labor market. The precariat is not synonymous with "poor" or "unemployed". It is a class of people whose labor is systematically denied stability, guarantees, and prospects for growth. It is located between the traditional working class (stable employment + social rights) and lumpenized groups. Structure and Composition: A Diverse Unity The precariat is internally diverse, making its self-identification difficult, but it is united by common characteristics. It includes: Platform (gig-) economy workers: Couriers, taxi drivers, freelancers on exchanges. Their employment is regulated by algorithmic management, not a labor contract. Example: an Uber driver whose income depends on dynamic pricing and rating does not have paid sick leave or vacation. Employees with non-standard employment: Temporary, seasonal workers, working on short-term contracts (outsourcing, staffing). Young professionals with higher education ("educated precarities"). Forced to agree to internships, projects without guarantees, low-paying jo ... Read more