The Right to Privacy and the Challenge of Its Implementation in the Digital Age Legal Emergence and Philosophical Justification The right to privacy is a relatively young legal concept, gaining fundamental form in the 20th century. Although its roots date back to the philosophical works of John Locke and Immanuel Kant, it was formally enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948, Article 12) and the European Convention on Human Rights (1950, Article 8). Today, it is a complex, multi-level structure that includes the inviolability of the home and personal correspondence, the protection of personal data, the right to one's own image, and the "right to be let alone". Interesting fact: One of the first legal concepts of privacy was formulated in the 1890 article "The Right to Privacy" by American lawyers Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren. They responded to the emergence of portable cameras, allowing journalists to intrude into personal spaces with impunity. Paradoxically, technological progress has become a catalyst for the realization of a right that the same progress constantly threatens. Digital Redefinition of Privacy The Internet and Big Data have radically transformed the very essence of privacy. If it was once understood as a physical "withdrawal from the eyes of others," today it is primarily informational self-determination — control over the collection, storage, use, and dissemination of personal data. We voluntarily or involuntarily trade privacy for convenience, security, or free services. Every like, search query, route trip forms our "digital twin" — a profile that often knows more about us than we do ourselves and is used for predictive analysis, micro-targeting advertising, and even decision-making (credit scoring, insurance). Example: In 2012, the American retail chain Target predicted a customer's pregnancy with high accuracy by analyzing her purchases (vitamins, unscented lotions) and sent her relevant coupons, causing a shock to her fa ... Read more