Russian Soul: Myth, Reality, or National Code? What is the "Russian soul"? Everyone knows this phrase, but no one can give an exact definition. Western philosophers, Russian writers, modern political scientists — everyone puts something of their own into it. For some, it is a synonym for mystery, irrationality, and unattainability. For others, it signifies a special spirituality, self-sacrifice, and collectivism. Some believe that the "Russian soul" is a literary myth created by the works of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. In this article, we will try to understand where this image came from, what traits are attributed to it, and how much it corresponds to reality. Where did the expression "Russian soul" come from The expression "Russian soul" (or "mysterious Russian soul") gained widespread popularity in the 19th century, primarily due to Russian literature. Classic writers — Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Gogol, Turgenev — created a gallery of characters for whom deep reflection, emotional turmoil, a desire for absolute truth, and an inability to be satisfied with simple bourgeois happiness were characteristic. Prince Myshkin, Alyosha Karamazov, Pierre Bezukhov, Natasha Rostova — their inner world, full of contradictions, became the standard of the "Russian soul" not only for Russians themselves but also for the Western reader. In the 20th century, the interest in this phenomenon was fueled by philosopher-emigrants — Nikolai Berdiaev, Vasili Rozanov, Ivan Ilyin. They tried to define the national character, relying on religiosity, sobornost, and the opposition of "truth" to "profit." In the West, the discussion about the "mysterious Russian soul" was actively supported by travelers, journalists, and politicians. Thus, the image was consolidated and became part of the international folklore. Basic traits of the "Russian soul" according to philosophers and writers Although there is no clear list, several key characteristics are often mentioned. The first is contradiction and pol ... Read more