In 1826 and 1832. The Russian Academy of Sciences announced a contest to write an essay covering the history of the Mongol conquest of Eastern Europe. "The rule of the Mongol dynasty, known here as the Golden Horde ... it should have more or less influence on the fate, structure, regulations, education, customs and language of our fatherland... It's time to finally make a diligent experiment ...to explain the dark and confusing parts of the national history and geography of this period ..."[Tizenhausen, 1884, p. 554]. A few decades later, the first work appeared - the work of V. G. Tiesenhausen, who collected information left by the Arabs and Persians - contemporaries of the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde, and others. A huge array of domestic and foreign sources, which have since been introduced into scientific circulation, has allowed historians (Orientalists and Russian scholars) to give a comprehensive assessment of the political and cultural role of the Golden Horde in the history of Eurasia. Keywords: Mongol Empire, Russia, Golden Horde, Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the Russian historiographical tradition, opposing positions were gradually formed, which still exist today. The first one is connected with the complete denial of any positive aspects in the relations between Russia and the Golden Horde. In accordance with this approach, the Mongol conquerors were viewed as an absolutely negative force, and historians did not spare colors to emphasize the "primitiveness" and "cruelty" of this steppe element, especially in comparison with the Russian land conquered by the Mongols. Therefore, the Golden Horde was unambiguously interpreted as the enemy and enslaver of Russia, there were one-dimensional relations of domination-submission, suppression-struggle between them. The second position is represented by the works of Eurasian emigrants (G. V. Vernadsky, N. S. Trubetskoy, etc.), who formulated the opposite interpretation of Horde-Russian relations. They focused on ... Read more