The article deals with the largest manor buildings of the Golden Horde cities of the Lower Volga region. These are multi-room houses with walls made of baked and mud bricks. In the center of the building there was a large main hall, vestibule rooms adjoined it from the south and north, and the east and west wings were occupied by living and utility rooms. Golden Horde manor houses are compared with the palace and manor buildings of China, Mongolia and the Middle East. The influence of the architecture of these countries led to the emergence of buildings of an original type: the typical Central Asian layout was taken as a basis, and the principles of space organization were borrowed from Central Asia. Keywords: Golden Horde, Lower Volga region, manor buildings, palaces of Mongolia, China, Middle East, manor buildings of Khorezm. Introduction The Golden Horde cities of the Lower Volga region did not arise as a result of long-term economic development, but on the orders of the Khan in a short time in a zone where there were no stable traditions of settlement. These circumstances determined the peculiarity of their structure. The cities in the Golden Horde were a cluster of aristocratic estates and were not divided into a citadel and a trade and craft settlement, like most medieval cities of the East and West. They also lacked fortifications, which contributed to the growth to a huge size. The manor-street character of urban development was preserved throughout the entire existence of the Golden Horde [Fedorov-Davydov, 1994, pp. 12-16]. The estates of the feudal nobility and well-to-do citizens occupied a significant area - 5 000 - 10 000 m 2 [Yegorov, 2000, p. 268]. Probably, in this regard, all the estates studied at the moment have been excavated only partially. Nevertheless, their structure is well studied. A large estate consisted of the owner's house, servants ' quarters, outbuildings, had its own pond (house) and was surrounded by a fence (duvalom). Often on this ... Read more