In July 2014, the international scientific conference "United Tuva in United Russia" was held in the city of Kyzyl in Tuva.: history, modernity, prospects", dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the union of Russia and Tuva, which brought together more than 100 participants representing 23 scientific institutions of Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Japan. For the name of the conference, the definition of "unity" was chosen, which reflected the realities of establishing a protectorate of Russia over the people living in the geographical center of Asia. The term "protectorate "(from Lat. "protector" - protector, patron) was usually applied to countries that were under the patronage of other, more powerful and developed states. The study of Russian protectorates shows that in the early stages of history, the conclusion of the act of protection was dominated by geopolitical goals. This type of protectorate is clearly seen in the example of Russia's patronage over Tuva. At the same time, it is important to note that in this case the interest was mutual: Russia strengthened its sphere of influence in the eastern direction and strengthened its borders here, and Tuva received serious guarantees of non-interference of China and Mongolia in the internal affairs of the region, which allowed it to get rid of colonization and proclaim internal independence (political, administrative and cultural structure). Until 1912, Tuva was under the rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which ruled China. After the Xinhai Revolution in China in 1911-1913, Tuvan secular and spiritual rulers appealed to the tsarist government to accept Tuva under the protectorate of the Russian Empire. On April 4, 1914, Emperor Nicholas II wrote "I agree" on the memorandum of the Minister of Foreign Affairs S. D. Sazonov on the issue of accepting the population of the five Khoshuns of the Uriankhai Region under Russian patronage, which meant the establishment of a Russian protectorate over Tuva. In April, 1914. Tu ... Читать далее