moscow

INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

On October 12-13, 2011, the Center for Indian Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the "Portrait and Sculpture" conference - the first in the framework of the research project "Under the sky of South Asia". This project was initiated by I. P. Glushkova, a leading researcher of the Institute, in order to promote scientific communication of specialists on South Asian countries from various scientific, educational and practical organizations, their interaction in the analysis of problems relevant both for the countries under study and for indological science. Each of the annual conferences held within the framework of the project should focus participants 'attention on topics formulated in the form of keywords broadly enough to attract researchers of different specializations, and at the same time-specifically enough to focus participants' thoughts in a clearly limited area.

The theme of the conference "Portrait and Sculpture" suggested that pictorial and sculptural images of characters in the history and culture of South Asian countries should be considered not in the more familiar art criticism plan, but as important components of the social, political and socio-cultural life of the countries studied. This approach was formulated by I. P. Glushkova in the "Memorandum" of the conference:

Expressing historical, political and religious preferences and aesthetic principles, a portrait and sculpture (primarily a sculptural monument) are visual symbols of the era and should be considered in historical, historical-cultural, political and political-religious contexts, and not only (and not so much) in art criticism. The fact that both portraits and sculptural monuments become participants in political and historical events (the change of portraits in official offices during a change of power/era, the dismantling of monuments during and after social revolutions and value reorientation, acts of vandalism against images, etc.) makes us think about what additional meanings are worth behind canvases and stone or bronze sculptures and how they manifest themselves in public life.

This approach proved attractive to indologists from a number of organizations, and not just Moscow: the conference was attended by employees of the Russian diplomatic missions in India and Pakistan, as well as a colleague from Nizhny Novgorod; and only financial problems prevented the Uzbek indologists A. A. Madraimov and A. N. Shamatov, who sent their theses, from coming to Moscow, so thus giving the conference an international character. I was particularly pleased with the presentations and video presentations made by students and undergraduates of MGIMO (U) and ISAA MSU: teachers of these universities I. T. Prokofieva and A.V. Bochkovskaya not only made presentations themselves, but also attracted their students to participate in the conference.

At the conference, 22 reports were read, grouped into 4 thematic blocks. The first one, "In the rhythms of Officialdom", brought together reports on official, canonical images of people who have become national symbols in the country or one of its regions. The meeting began with a video presentation "Nashi under the sky of South Asia", prepared and sent from Delhi by E. A. Pakhomov (RIA Novosti), about the" life " in the Indian capital of monuments to the Russians A. S. Pushkin, L. N. Tolstoy, V. I. Lenin. It was followed by the report of I. T. Prokofieva "Public portrait, or how icons are created", where on the example of the state of West Bengal and the state of Bangladesh, a theoretically important question was considered: what is the reason for choosing and approving one of the many available images of a historical character as the only official, repeatedly replicated and designed to provide "recognition" of cultural and historical used by all members of society, regardless of age and level of education? The choice, in the author's opinion, is dictated by the role that otvo plays.-

page 164
It is given to the character in the officially approved and generally accepted set of national and cultural symbols: the wise elder-teacher (r. Tagore), saint (Ramakrishna and Vivekananda), liberator hero (S. C. Bose). A similar conclusion was made by N. V. Melekhina(MGIMO (U)) on the example of the founder of Pakistan, M. A. Jinnah, whose official iconography positions this refined European gentleman in life as the ideal Muslim leader. Unlike the two above-mentioned authors who studied the public consensus, E. A. Semenova (Russian Embassy in India) in her report "Circle of Honor: sculptures and portraits of prominent Indians in the country's parliament" focused on the conflicts that are caused in India by the divergence of views on a particular historical character among various regional elites and political forces. And L. A. Kelim (Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in the report " Jain faiths: from the absence of an image to a personal photo (portrait)" She analyzed the formation of iconography of spiritual mentors in the Jain tradition, which initially did not recognize any images, much less their veneration.

In her report "Guru vs Guru: Old Symbols for New Images", A.V. Bochkovskaya (MSU ISAA) analyzed how the image of the tenth guru, Gobind Singh, focuses the conflict between the traditional leadership of the community and the new ones in the modern Sikh community. Litvintsev ("Le Courier de Russie"), making a report "Will Gandhi be "purged" from the Congress? Monument to M. K. Gandhi as a participant in the political struggle in Andhra Pradesh", showed how the sculpture of the "father of the nation" in Hyderabad was at the center of political battles between the Indian National Congress and the regional Telugu Desam party. D. V. Ganich and M. V. Khaneeva (Russian Embassy in Pakistan) devoted their report to monumental sculpture in Pakistan and its use by various political forces of the country. Kh. V. Boyko (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation) in the report " Monuments sold? A terrible dream of the Sri Lankan opposition " showed how sculptural images of national leaders on the Colombo embankment "participate" in the political struggle in Sri Lanka.

Two reports, which completed the second thematic block, were devoted to images of the Marathi national hero Shivaji Bhosle (1630-1680). N. S. Kulikov, ISAA MSU, in the video presentation "Legend behind the Fence: about Shivaji monuments in Mumbai", told about how people "live" in parks and squares of the capital of Maharashtra, and also that even more interesting, in urban legends monuments of the valiant Maratha. And I. P. Glushkova in the report " No monument - no problem. Debrahmanization of the national Hero of Maharashtra " analyzed the process of displacement of Brahmins from the political arena by the elite of the local Maratha landowning caste, which, in particular, is expressed in the removal of images of the Brahman Dadaji Konddev, who was previously revered as the hero's mentor, from sculpture groups with Shivaji's participation, and the "de-brahmanization" of his cult.

The second day of the conference began with the thematic block "In foreign lands - through foreign eyes". K. A. Demichev (URAO, Nizhny Novgorod) in his report "Three portraits of Ranjit Singh: A Punjabi lion in the reflection of the European tradition" showed how the image of the famous Punjabi ruler was romanticized in the drawings of European authors; ignoring the physical disabilities noted by all witnesses, artists sought to create an exalted image of a noble warrior, a worthy ally of England. E. V. Volgina(MGIMO (U)) devoted her presentation to the perpetuation of the great Bengalis abroad, and M. V. Yakovleva(MGIMO (U)) - "the incredible adventures of Indians in Russia": the installation of monuments to this or that great Indian in the Russian capital was connected in the report with the ups and downs in Russian-Indian relations A. M. Yevtushenko (RGAIS) spoke about the images in India and Israel of the outstanding bacteriologist V. A. Khavkin - the creator of vaccines against cholera and plague, A. A. Nemov(MGIMO (U)) - about the perpetuation in the "red" state of West Bengal, where the Communist Party of India (Marxist) was in power for more than 20 years, leaders of the communist movement (including and. V. Stalin, one of whose busts, as it turned out later, actually depicted M. V. Frunze), as well as about the war launched against these monuments by the Trinamool Congress party, which replaced the CPI(m) in power in 2011. The third block ended with two presentations by S. V. Karmalito (Russian Embassy in India) and S. E. Sidorova (Institute of Historical Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the fate of monuments to British monarchs in independent India.

The fourth and final block," In the labyrinths of meanings", began with a report by A. M. Dubyansky (ISAA MSU) "Sculpture on the embankment: Kannahi-lost and returned" on the following topics:,

page 165
how the political struggle in the state of Tamilnadu affected the statue of a mythological heroine in Chennai (Madras). In her report "Why did the goddess turn away?" E. Y. Karachkova (Institute of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences) revealed the history of the statue of the goddess Shiladevi brought from Bengal to the Rajput city of Amber and the vicissitudes of its perception by various caste and confessional groups. G. V. Strelkova (ISAA MSU) in her report "Varaha - sculptural image and reflection in literature" analyzed, how the image of Varaha (the incarnation of the god Vishnu in the form of a boar) was transformed from a cult object into a literary and socio-political symbol. Rajput Statues in Mughal Capitals showed how the narratives surrounding the sculptural decorations of Mughal residences in Agra and Delhi were involved in the unique process of consolidating Rajputs and Muslims into a single military-feudal estate in Northern India.

Despite the variety of materials and methodological approaches, the presentations were clearly focused on the issues stated in the conference topic. Almost all of them were accompanied by video presentations, which significantly increased the audience's interest. The first conference of the project "Under the sky of South Asia" was, according to the participants and guests, very successful, which allows us to hope for the success of the project in the future.

E. Y. VANINA

* * *

On October 18-19 and 26, 2011, the first meeting of the quarterly seminar "China and the World. Tradition and Modernity", which aims to exchange views on a wide range of topical issues of Chinese studies. The first meeting showed that such a format is in demand and interesting not only for employees of the China Department, but also for their colleagues from other institutions.

On October 18, the meeting was opened with a presentation by Lu Xueying, a professor of Chinese at the Confucius Institute of Moscow State University, who previously taught Chinese at the Beijing University of Foreign Languages. The speaker spoke about the general patterns of development of Chinese culture over the millennia and the challenges it faces in the era of globalization. As one of the main distinguishing features that is immanently characteristic of Chinese culture, a deeply realized commonality between all Chinese people was noted, a commonality based not on religion (which plays a small role in the life of the Chinese) and not on logic (which is generally unusual for the Far East, where everything is based on analogy and intuition), but on unifying knowledge of basic texts of Chinese culture. These texts are more or less well known to both educated people and commoners, and idioms and hidden quotations from philosophical treatises written more than two thousand years ago are often used in everyday speech. However, according to the speaker, now this community may be under threat. The younger generation is much less interested in these "basic texts", and the universal categories of the Internet occupy an increasing place in their mentality. In addition, many idioms have become incomprehensible, as China has changed a lot over the past centuries. The speaker admitted that the popular expression of Confucius about a noble man like the wind, and a small man like grass, she fully understood only after visiting Konstantinovo, the birthplace of Sergei Yesenin - in modern China, you can not see the sea of grass, each blade of grass, as one, bends under a gust of wind.

M. E. Neglinskaya (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a report "On the collection of interior clocks of the Beijing courtyard (Gugong Museum)", which shows how the collection of mechanical chronometers in China during the Qing period (1644-1911) influenced the development of watchmaking. This gathering also determined the fundamental similarity of the palace collection with European kunstkamera, and a certain ritualization of clocks in the Qing state eliminated the problem of the dualism of Chinese and Western principles in the culture and art of the late empire. After all, on the one hand, watches were inextricably associated with Western culture (watch movements, for example, were not produced in China at all), and on the other hand, they were extremely popular among the Chinese nobility of various levels, and were considered an indicator of status and belonging to a select circle.

V. V. Bashkeev (ISAA MSU) made a report "Changing the order of sacrifices during the reign of Wu-di (Western Han, 140-87 BC) as one of the main signs of the nature of political struggle". The report was

page 166
It is devoted to speculating on the reasons for the well-known propensity of one of the most brilliant emperors of Chinese antiquity for the ritual sphere - sacrifices and attempts to establish contact with spirits: the desire to impress neighboring peoples through magnificent ceremonies in order to attract them to the empire, or the departure from real government, which damaged the state as a whole? The report sparked a lively discussion.

On October 19, the meeting began with a presentation by A. D. Dikarev, who spoke about the conference" Nature and Man", which is held annually in Crimea under the leadership of E. S. Kulpin-Gu-baydullin. The conference is held for the purpose of a comprehensive study of the natural environment. The speaker said that the organizers feel a great shortage of specialists in China and invite everyone to cooperate and participate in the conference.

Olga Courtauld (Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) spoke about her research on the current state of the Russian Diaspora in China. Now there are several tens of thousands of Russians living in China, but the vast majority of them came to China to work and, although they have been living there for many years, are not going to stay forever. The main centers of this kind of diaspora are Guangzhou and a number of cities in the northeast-Manzhouli and Heihe (here, not far from the border, there are many Russian pensioners who rent or sell their apartments in Russia and move to China, where life is cheaper and more comfortable). Many Russians also work in Harbin, once the center of Russian emigration in China. However, now almost nothing remains of that era - the last Russian "Harbin" of that generation died in 2006, and only some buildings and numerous Russian restaurants opened by Chinese businessmen now remind of Harbin's Russian past. People from Harbin who now live in Russia, Australia and other countries do not consider the Russians who now live in Harbin to be their successors - in their opinion, they rather discredit the memory of Russian Harbin. The Russian colonies in the resort town of Hainan have specific features; in Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin, the Russian diaspora is mainly made up of students. In Shandong, a whole separate town has been built for Russian nuclear scientists building nuclear power plants.

The speaker's story about her trip to the autonomous parish of the Russian national minority Shiwei, established in 2003 in the north-east of Inner Mongolia, on the Chinese bank of the Argun River, aroused great interest. The parish is home to about 4 thousand people, more than 1,700 of whom are registered as Russian. Almost all of them are distant descendants of mixed Russian-Chinese marriages, the vast majority do not speak Russian and do not know Russian customs. Since the parish is now an extremely popular tourist destination among the Chinese, local residents are trained in special courses to prepare Russian dishes, dance Russian dances, etc., and often this "ethnographic training" takes extremely bizarre forms.

D. A. Khudyakov (IB RAS, ISAA MSU) devoted his report to the history of various written languages in China, especially the Tangut script, developed in the XI century under the strong influence of Chinese philology, but in a completely original manner. The speaker also addressed a number of issues related to the Min language (sometimes referred to as the Fujian dialect of Chinese). Due to Fujian's considerable isolation from the rest of China, the Min language has retained many of the characteristic features of ancient Chinese that were lost in other dialects, and thanks to many of the most interesting non-Chinese substrates reflected in it, it is also one of the most distinctive dialects. Once the Min language, which is now non-written, had two scripts - the original hieroglyphic and Latin, created by Catholic missionaries. This fact allows us to draw certain parallels between the Min language and Vietnamese. There is no doubt that under different political circumstances, the Fujian dialect could also be recognized as a separate language rather than a dialect. Now the languageMin is actively studied in Taiwan, where it is spoken by a significant part of the population: old literary texts written in it are studied and new ones are created, work is underway to codify spelling and create a fully functional writing system for this language.

On October 26, the final session of the seminar was held. Sergey Dmitriev (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a presentation "The cult of Legendary rulers in China: information for reflection". Legendary rulers (Three rulers and Five emperors), who are essentially demiurge deities and cultural heroes, have firmly entered the eventful canvas of Chinese history thanks to traditional Confucian historians, who have put a lot of effort into turning mythical and usually more than bizarre, little-anthropomorphic creatures into real ones.

page 167
respectable, perfectly wise rulers. Along with other rulers, they were entitled to posthumous honors, their graves were revered for centuries, and sacrifices were made to propitiate the deceased and thus affect the closely related fertility of the soil. The analysis of information on the existing mausoleums of legendary rulers allows us to conclude that their state cult, in all the splendor of temple complexes and strictly regulated rituals, in most cases originates in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), whose rulers, who succeeded foreign Mongols on the throne, were perhaps the most consistent traditionalists and nationalists of all the rulers of the Middle Kingdom. It is interesting that today this cult not only does not become a part of history, but, on the contrary, flourishes luxuriantly: with the support of the authorities, old temples are restored and new ones are built, and hundreds of thousands of people participate in staged rituals. The places of supposed graves of legendary rulers have been known for a long time, almost all of them are reflected in classical philosophical and historical treatises or recorded in the traditions of local cults. With rare exceptions, the customs of veneration of the first ancestors in the existing temple complexes are much older than the temple buildings. It seems to us that an analysis of the geographical distribution of these mausoleums, combined with data from sources, allows us to hypothesize that the multiplicity of these deities, whose functions and achievements often overlap, can be explained not by the fact that some of them inherited others over the centuries (as Confucian historians believed), but by the fact that we are dealing with with initially independent deities-demiurges of different nationalities, who later became part of the Chinese ethnic group together with their gods and heroes.

The report of A. A. Bokshchanin (IB RAS) was devoted to the personalities of a number of Minsk emperors. He noted that most authors highly rate the founder of the Zhu dynasty, Yuan-zhang (1328-1398, emperor since 1368), noting the extreme originality of this person. It was his extraordinary talents that allowed him to go from a runaway Buddhist monk to the head of a rebel unit and then, through all the thorns of revolts and wars, rise to the emperor of the Middle Kingdom, create and strengthen an empire. At the same time, the same sources note his extreme suspicion and cruelty, which led to the fact that not a single day of his reign passed without executions (in most cases, we know about the executions of notable personalities, no one counted the deaths of less important characters). Much like him was his son, the third emperor of the Zhu Di dynasty (1360-1424, emperor since 1403), who seized the throne during the civil war and managed to significantly strengthen the Ming Empire. After his death, the speaker noted, the quality of the Minsk rulers is steadily declining. The speaker noted that extremely interesting data on the personal qualities and hobbies of the Minsk emperors are contained in the book of K. A. Harnsky1: one emperor is characterized as a butterfly lover, the other liked, disguised as a simple citizen, to look for love adventures on the streets of the capital, etc. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to establish from what sources K. Harnsky drew this information.

All participants of the seminar noted the value and interest of such an event and expressed hope for its fruitful continuation. The Department of China of the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences invites specialists and anyone interested in the history and culture of China to participate in the seminar.

SERGEY DMITRIEV

PIKE PERCH

The XXI International Scientific Conference " Man and Nature. Problems of Socio-Natural History", organized by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the magazine "History and Modernity", the Central Museum of Taurida with the participation of the Karadag Nature Reserve, the Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University and the Sudak Faculty of Management and Economics of the V. I. Vernadsky Tauride National University.

More than 50 reports were submitted and accepted by the organizing committee, the authors of which are experts in various fields of knowledge.-

1 Harnsky K. China from ancient times to the present day. Khabarovsk, 1927.

page 168
research institutes: historians, sociologists, biologists, philosophers, mathematicians, philologists, political scientists, psychologists, economists, geographers - doctors and candidates of corresponding sciences. Most of the reports corresponded to articles published in the journal" History and Modernity "in 2010-2011 and the collection of the series" Socio-natural History " in 2011.

The conference included 26 plenary reports divided into four topics and 3 round tables.

Traditionally, the conference was opened by E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidulpin, Chairman of the Scientific Council on Problems of Socio-natural History, who spoke about the existing problems and possible ways of the socio-natural movement in science. At the end of his speech, he called on the participants of the event to reflect on the further forms of development of the scientific direction headed by him and on the further fate of this annual conference.

Further, the participants ' reports were grouped into four main areas:: "Problems of theory", "Landscape and ethnos", "History of civilizations", "Self-organization of society".

I. A. Khaliy (Moscow) made a presentation on "Society and Nature: Evolution of the latest theoretical concepts" as part of the first thematic block of the conference "Problems of Theory". She drew attention to the fact that the concept of "ecological modernization", which replaced the idea of "sustainable development", aimed at finding ways to resolve the environmental crisis, became, in fact, "the concept of environmental management in a globalizing world". As a result, modern society, being "still far from sufficiently globalized and certainly poorly institutionalized in this direction," was practically excluded from the developing processes of interaction between society and nature.

S. K. Kostowska (Poland) in her report "Opportunities for predicting the interaction of society and nature using geoecology and ecodiagnostics methods" spoke about the opening opportunities in studying and predicting the interaction of society and nature, which are provided by the use of combined geoecology and ecodiagnostics installations.

Sergey Mankov (Moscow) spoke about the influence of the so-called youth hill on the emergence of revolutionary sentiments and events in the world and in a particular country.

In the report of B. M. Kondorsky (Donetsk) "The concept of the "Ecumene" and the laws of biological space", the development of civilizations was considered through the prism of biological laws.

A. Kh. Burganov (Moscow) made a presentation on "The natural and material foundation of man as a person". The central topic of the report was the problem of sources of self-development of a person (society). To overcome the impending man-made apocalypse, humanity must include in its saving efforts the sources of self-development of all its components, he argued.

The plenary presentations of the first day of the conference were concluded with the report of E. A. Borisova (Moscow) "Causes and possible consequences of water wars between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan". The presentation was assigned to the thematic block "Landscape and ethnos". The speaker highlighted the main reasons for the deterioration of Uzbek-Tajik cooperation every year - the complex twists and turns of the two countries ' struggle for the region's limited water resources.

The first day of work ended with a round table where T. V. and A.D. Dikarev (Moscow) spoke about their expedition to New Guinea. T. V. Dikareva introduced the conference participants to nature, and A. D. Dikareva - to the everyday life of primitive societies of New Guinea. The presentations were accompanied by numerous photos and field materials.

The second day of work was devoted to three general topics: "Landscape and ethnos", "History of civilizations" and "Self - organization of society". I. O. Kovaleva and I. V. Kovalev (Moscow) spoke about the features of anthropogenic evolution of soils and landscapes of the forest-steppe zone of Russia and about the geo-and climatogenic evolution of landscapes of the Tambov region in the Holocene. The topic of anthropogenic impact on the landscapes of the forest-steppe zone was continued by V. V. Kanishchev (Tambov). He reported on the ecological situation in European Russia and Tambov region in the XIX-XX centuries. Yu. A. Mizis (Tambov) spoke about the fate of Tambov forests in the XVII-XVIII centuries and the impact of their deforestation on the evolution of the landscape in the report "Sources on the use of forests in the Central Chernozem region in the XVII-XVIII centuries". R. B. Konchakov (Tambov) also touched upon the topic of deforestation. The speaker voiced a set of problems initiated by railways and related to forest management during the initial railway construction. I. Avdakov (Moscow) made a report on the role of railway transport in the socio-natural development of the world in the XXI century.

V. L. Dyachkov (Tambov) in the report " Long-term natural and demographic cycles in the Russian Far East-

page 169
rii of Russia " spoke about the 28-year and 112-year cycles he discovered in Russian history.

At the end of this block of speeches, the report of A. N. Meshcheryakov (Moscow) "Fuji in the Japanese consciousness"was heard. He spoke about an interesting transformation of the image of Fuji in Japanese literary sources.

The plenary session continued with the report of the curator of the Golden Horde antiquities of the State Hermitage M. G. Kramarovsky (St. Petersburg) "On charity in the Golden Horde: the Kutlug Timur family and the architectural dominants of Solkhat". In addition to the stated topic, the speaker also told about the grave of Mamai that he found.

O. A. Mishkina (Moscow) in her report "Development of education and human resources in Russia and China" conducted a comparative analysis of the educational systems of the two countries. She concluded that if education remains a third-rate sector of the country's economy, Russia will be on the periphery of global development; if Russian education manages to make a powerful leap in building up its intellectual potential, Russia will become a global supplier of intellectual products.

The second report of S. Kostovskaya "Ecotone as a contact territory" reported on various ways of using the term "ecotone". The question of the expediency of using this term in geopolitics caused a particularly strong debate among the audience.

Head of the laboratory of the Karadag Nature Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine L. P. Mironova made a report " Problems of preserving natural landscapes (on the example of the South-Eastern Crimea)". L. P. Mironova also made a report on the history and current scientific work in the Karadag Nature Reserve and organized a visit to the museum-reserve and a tour of the Karadag Ecological Trail for the conference participants.

At the regular plenary session, six reports were heard and discussed. Three of them related to the history of Crimea: A. R. Vyatkin (Moscow) spoke about the difficult life vicissitudes of the Crimean Tatars in 1921-1941.;

V. E. Polyakov (Simferopol) made a report "Biocenosis as a factor of the partisan movement in the Crimea in 1941-1944", analyzing the partisan movement from the point of view of the laws of biology; General Director of the Central Museum of Taurida A.V. Malgin (Simferopol) in the report " The annexation of Crimea to Russia at the end of the XVIII century: motives and logic of expansion Russian Empire" traced how the logic of current events led to the annexation of Crimea to Russia, in contrast to the strategic foreign policy line of creating an independent Crimean state (khanate) friendly to the Russian Empire.

Report " Moscow-Beijing: a forgotten song or a future anthem?" A. I. Kogan (Moscow) analyzed the socio-ecological crisis in Kashmir in the XI-XII centuries from the perspective of socio-natural history. L. M. Smirnov in the report "Dynamics of value choice (1993-2009)", using visual tables, reported on changes in the value choice of modern youth.

In conclusion, a round table "Crimea Today" was held, where A.V. Malgin, A. R. Vyatkin and a member of the Council of the Crimean Tatar party Milli Firka (National Party) Shevket Mustafayev made speeches. The speeches concerned the Crimean Tatar and Russian societies of Crimea, the problems of economic development of the region, which was assessed as unpromising, and other issues.

During the conference, another "round table" was held on the problems of SEI development. The general consensus was that a conference should be held. Collections of articles cannot replace scientific communication that takes place during conferences. They also spoke about the need to create an appropriate information field, use the Internet, and involve young people in developing a promising scientific field - socio-natural history.

E. A. BORISOVA

Novosibirsk

On April 16-20, 2011, on the basis of Novosibirsk State University (NSU), with the support of the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 11-04-06805-mobg) and the Government of the Novosibirsk Region, the XLIXINTERNATIONAL Scientific Student Conference "Student and Scientific and Technological Progress" was held, which included the section "Oriental Studies". In four subsections ("Philology and Mythology"):

page 170
67 reports were presented by students, undergraduates and postgraduates of seven Novosibirsk universities, as well as educational institutions in St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Barnaul, Chita, Tomsk, Nizhnevartovsk, and Abakan, Krasnoyarsk and Khanty-Mansiysk. The first places in each of the subsections were awarded to the following participants: Yu. P. Zaei (NSU) - for the report "Structural and semantic features of the Chinese palindrome of the III-IV centuries" Picture of the celestial sphere "(Xuan Ji Tu)", D. P. Shulge (NSU) - for the report " The Influence of Zoroastrianism on the funeral rite of early nomads Iron Age (based on materials from Xinjiang and Siberia)", I. V. Plyushch (Altai State University) - for the report "Models of management of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict at the present stage", D. Y. Shabanov (NSU) - for the report "Ideological aspects of the brand "Japan"", A. O. Nesina (NSU)- for the report "Paper as a phenomenon of Japanese culture".

The titles of the reports give a certain idea of the breadth of issues that were considered and discussed at the conference. Abstracts are published in a separate collection.

S. A. KOMISSAROV, M. V. SEMENOVA

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

On September 17-18, 2011, the Brunei International Congress Center hosted the International Congress of Malay Language and Culture and a seminar on the development of literature in Southeast Asia, organized by the Brunei Language and Literature Council on the occasion of its 50th anniversary (1961-2011).2. The Congress was opened by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei in the presence of many representatives of the Brunei Government and diplomatic corps. The main speech at the opening was the report of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Brunei Awang Badaruddin "Preserving culture, developing language".

The congress was attended by scientists from Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea and Japan. During the five sessions, three of which were parallel, 23 presentations were made on various aspects of the development of the Malay language and Malay culture in the world.

Dayang Hajah Aminah, Director of the Brunei Language and Literature Council, presented the report "Spreading the Malay language: The Efforts of the Language and Ligature Council"; Abdul Majid Ismail (Malaysia) - "Weakening the position of Adat in the life of the Malay population of Malaysia: a personal experience of the Silat national struggle propagandist"; Mulyana (Indonesia) - "Reflecting the culture of behavior in Malaysia". Endang Nurhayati (Indonesia) - "Efforts to Preserve the Position of the Javanese language in Yogyakarta"; Nyoman Padmadevi (Indonesia) - "Gender - based Study of Indonesian language proficiency in kindergartens"; Abdul Razah Abdul Karim (Malaysia) - "Etiquette and Politeness in Ancient Malay Society: a Challenge for Conservation and development"; Endang Nurhayati (Indonesia) - "Efforts to preserve the position of the Javanese language in Yogyakarta"; Nyoman Padmadevi (Indonesia) - "Gender-based study of Indonesian language proficiency in kindergartens"; Koh Yong Hoon (South Korea) - "Description of the Malay Language and the Malay Nation in Pramudya Anant Tur's Tetralogy 'The Human World'"; Mughamat Gilmi Hartley (South Africa) - "Prospects for the Status of Malays in Cape Town"; Siti Hariah Mohd Hubir (Malaysia)-"Strengthening the Position of the Malay language in the World". Dayang Faridah Haji Abdul Hamid (Brunei) - "The Importance of preserving the Study of Shair in School"; Zaytul Azma Zainon Hamzah, Ahmad Fu Ad Mat Hassan (both Malaysia) - "Learning Proverbs at School"; Adenan Ayob (Malaysia)- "Using Computers to Learn Malay at School"; Ghazali Mohamed Ibrahim (Singapore) - "Applying Mnemonic Techniques to Writing Essays"; Yong Chin Chai (Malaysia) " Teaching Strategy Go Sang Seong (Malaysia) - "Analysis of typical Errors in translating Chinese Literature into Malay"; V. A. Pogadaev (Russia) - "Some aspects of poetic translation from Russian to Malay"; Akku Abdullah (Brunei) - "The role of education in preserving the Malay language in Brunei"; Ding Chu Ming (Malaysia) - "Perspectives of the Malay language in the era of new technologies"; Tajuddin Maknoon (Indonesia) - "Elements of Malay in the Makassar language"; Indirawati Zahid (Malaysia) - "Prosody, Semantics and Culture in the Modern World".

2 For the Brunei Language and Literature Council, see: Pogadaev V. A. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei / / Orient (Oriens). 2002. N 1. pp. 162-164.

page 171
Malay Language Teaching and Learning"; Kyoko Funada (Japan) - "The Role and position of the Brunei-Malaysia-Indonesia Malay Language Council"; Siti Saniah Abu Bakar (Malaysia) - "Innovative Malay Language Teaching Methods"; Normaliza Abdul Rahim (Malaysia)- " Malay Language in the Malay Village of Lucan, Ireland".

At the end of the congress, several resolutions were adopted in support of the dissemination and development of the Malay language in individual countries and the region as a whole, and the proposal to make Malay the official language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in particular.

The workshop on the development of literature in South-East Asia was held in conjunction with the meeting of the ASEAN Masters Literary Awards Committee*. The seminar was attended by scientists from Australia, Brunei, the Netherlands, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, France, South Korea, and Japan with 19 reports in five sessions.

Hashim bin Abdul Hamid, Chairman of the ASEAN Masters Literary Awards Committee from Brunei, delivered a report on the Role of Literature in Intercultural Relations.

Other presentations (mainly on general literature and gender issues) were presented by Morsidy bin Haji Mohamad (Brunei) on "The role of literature in education"; Mokihiro Moriyama (Japan) on "Literature and education: Brunei and Indonesian literary works in a global context";

Laurent Metzger (France), "The Role of Literature in Teaching History"; Nim Swee Tin (Malaysia), "Literature as a means of forming a Highly Moral person"; Awang Mohd Zefri Arif (Brunei), "Literature as a means of educating Humanity"; Harry Aveling (Australia)," The Humanism of Traditional Australian Aboriginal Poetry"; Lee Yeon (South Korea) - "Female Images in the Stories of the Indonesian writer Dini"; Jan Ven Der Putten (Netherlands) - "The Image of a Witch in Modern Indonesian literature"; Hidop bin Samsudin (Brunei) - "Descriptions of Matchmaking and weddings in the works of Malay literature"; Pudenta Maria Purenti Sri Sunarti (Indonesia) - "Adat in Indonesian Literature"; Mohd Hanafi Ibrahim (Malaysia) - "Women and Adat in Malay Literature"; Ramli bin Haji Tinkong (Brunei) - "The Influence of Islam in the Legal Code"; Arif Karhi Abukudairi (Egypt) - "On the Theory of Islamic Literature"; Jamal Takimin (Singapore) - "Globalization in Literature"; Dayang Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak (Brunei) - " Women's Images in the Short Story collection "Tsunami in the Heart"; Diah Ariani Arimbi (Indonesia) "Women's images in modern Indonesian Literature"; Vol.Denisova (Russia)"Women in Old Malay texts".

At the end of the workshop, the ASEAN Masters Literary Awards ceremony was held. They were awarded to writers Budi Darma (Indonesia), Shahnon Ahmad (Malaysia) and Mohamad Zain (Brunei).

V. A. POGADAEV

MALAYSIA

KUALA LUMPUR

On July 6-8, 2011, the National Congress of Professors was held on the theme "Transforming the nation through knowledge", organized by the National Council of Professors3. The congress was attended by more than 800 professors and teachers of state universities of the country. The congress was opened by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, and closed by Deputy Prime Minister Muhiddin bin Haji Mohamad Yassin, which made the event particularly important.

Two plenary sessions included a report by Zakri bin Abdul Hamid, Adviser to the Prime Minister on Science, "Transforming the Nation through Knowledge: Prospects for the development of science, technology and innovation" and a report by Shamsul Amri Baharuddin "Transforming the Nation through Knowledge: Prospects for development

* The Committee was established in 1996. Prizes have been awarded every two years since 1999 to the best works of writers from Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia (one from each country).

3 Established in June 2010 Its members are automatically all professors of state universities. The Council is intended to serve as a think tank to assist the Government in developing policies and strategies in various areas. The management team consists of 70 professors who lead 14 thematic groups. The Chairman of the Council is the Prime Minister's Adviser on Science, Honorary Professor, Doctor of Science Zakri bin Abdul Hamid.

page 172
social sciences". The country's development prospects after 2020 were highlighted by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who stressed, in particular, the importance of developing relations with Russia. Further work of the congress was held within the following groups: economics and finance; politics, security and international relations; medicine and healthcare; history, heritage and socio-culture; social development and welfare; education and personality formation; industry and innovation; information technology and communication; natural sciences and mathematics; natural resources and environment; engineering and technology; law and management; pharmacology and applied sciences. Each of the groups discussed and prepared resolutions on the subject under discussion, which were presented to the Deputy Prime Minister.

V. A. POGADAEV

* * *

On July 12-14, the University of Malaya hosted the V International Conference on Malaysia-Indonesia Relations4. It was organized by the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University. The stated theme of the conference is "Towards national identity in a globalized world". It was attended by about 300 people from various universities in Malaysia and Indonesia, including the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur), the University of Indonesia (Jakarta), Andalas University (Padang), Hasanuddin University (Makasar), Pajajaran University (Bandung), Gajah Mada University (Yogyakarta), Udayan University (Bali).

More than 70 reports on various aspects of the main topic (religion, language and literature, culture, economy, ethnic issues, bilateral relations, security issues, mass media, politics, history) were heard in four sections.

At the section "Social Policy", the following reports were presented:: Imelda Adrianis ("Phonetic Changes in the Minangkabau language"); Afriadi Shukri and Mohamad Azrian ("Youth Organization and Activities in Mosques in Indonesia and Malaysia"); Anastasia Vivik and Hanafi ("Riau Island Society and Culture during the Reform Period in Indonesia"); Vitrianto Arfinal ("Food Patterns in Traditional Minangkabau Society"). in Kubuang Tigobaleh"); Ernida Kadir ("Minangkabau Plate Dance in Indonesia and Malaysia"); Satya Gayatri ("Cultivating minangkabau Folklore"); Norazia Hadi, Aiza Masian and Ermi Azziati ("The Impact of Malaysian Muslim Views on the Socio-Religious Development of Indonesia"); Hasanuddin Yunus ("The Revival of Cross-cultural Traditions"). cultural values as a means of strengthening cultural relations between ethnic groups"); Herawandi ("The Influence of Islam on the decorative arts of the Minangkabau people"); Arvina Dharma ("Forming a cultural worldview in foreign language lessons"); Dahlan Abdul Ghani and Mohamad Sidin ("Three-dimensional wayang: an analytical Study of Sami and Javanese Wayang"); Desfina Devi Pratiwi ("Morphophonetic verbs in the Temiang language"); Dwianti Hanandini ("Street Children and Beggars in Padang and Bukittinggi"); Nadra Albar ("Differences in the implementation of the concept of color in dialect-speaking adolescents"). rao mapat tungtul and muara sungai lolo); Julie Edo and Siti Nor Awang (Migration and Quality of Life for Indonesian Workers in Malaysia); Leni Shafyahya (Swearing in Minangkabau); M. Hashim Mustamin (Dualism in Education in Indonesia: concept, history and development"); Noviatri ("Use of the suffix' an 'in Indonesian and Minangkabau"), etc.

Atona ("The Dark Sides of the Padri War"); AbuHanifa and Mohammad Rezuan ("The Call of Azhar and the Idea of Unity of Malay and Indonesian communities in Cairo in 1925-1928"); Mohamad Nur ("The Reformation of Islam at Minangkabau in the early 20th century"); Ahmad Farhan (Raja Abdullah: A Prince from Riau who Succeeded in Developing Selangor's Economy and Politics in the 19th Century); Lydia Arbayah (Ideas of Education among Malay Women 1900-1941); Noor Najwa and Ahmad Kamal Arifin (The Original History of Alor Star City to 1909); Azmi Fitrisia and Nordin Hussein ("Trade in the Strait of Malacca: Indonesia-Malaysia Relations 1871-1998"); Ho Hui Ling ("The Malays and the Communist Movement").

4 Conferences are held annually alternately in Malaysia and Indonesia. The first one was held in 2007.

page 173
movement in Malaysia, 1920-1989); Israr Issndar (West Sumatra People's Opposition to Central Government Policies: A Comparative Study of the Revolt of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia in 1958-1961 and the movement against the privatization of Padang Cement in 1999-2001); Savirman (Tan Malacca: A Forgotten Hero from the Twilight World); Mardiana Nordin ("Kinship Relations through spaces: based on the research of "Malay genealogies"); Mazlan ("Photographs as a historical source: an analysis of the social history of Malaysia in the XX century"); Abubakar Edi Hara and Rusdi Omar ("Liberal-democratic roots in Malaysia and Indonesia"); A. Asrinaldi ("Central government policy in the dynamics of relations between the center and the province"). in Indonesia and Malaysia"); Amer Saifude, Mohammad Rezuan and Rosmadi Zulkarnain ("Midterm Elections after the 2008 Malaysian General Election"); S. Rajagopal ("The History of the Indian Congress of Malaya in 1945-1946"); Armanshah ("The Indonesian-Malaysian rivalry for the Thomas Badminton Cup in 1958-2002: a historical study of nationalism in sports"); Azharudin Mohamed Dali ("History of Intelligence: Intelligence and Sabotage Actions of Indonesia against Malaysia during the Confrontation, 1962-1966"); Jumhari ("Migration of the Minangkabau people to Negeri Sembilan"); Asia Adi ("Abdul Hadi bin Haji Hassan: Views and Role, 1900-1937"); Pramono ("Distribution and Modern Development"). State of the ancient Jambi Manuscripts"); Zuriati ("On the Origin of the term 'nagari' in Minangkabau"); Mohamed Supian Sabtu ("Numismatics of the Malay Sultanate of Terengganu"); Noor Ain Mohamad Noor and Ahmad Kom al Arifin ("Kedah after the 1923 Agreement: the Position of Malays in the State Administration"); Shafrizal ("Administration in Nagari in West Sumatra from the Days of Directed democracy to the Beginning of the New Order, 1959-1971"); Pushpavalli A. Rengasami and Sshachandrolingam Sundara Raja ("Indian Workers in the Economy of Colonial Malaya", 1874-1914); Khorasian Hadi, Mohammad Rezuan ("The Position of the Islamic movement in Malaysia and Indonesia on Political Issues"). changes of the reform period 1998-2004"); Ishomuddin Afriadi ("Socio-cultural construction and political orientation of modern Muslims vis-a-vis traditional Muslims: a study of the policy of organizations

Muhammad and Nahdatul Ulama in Indonesia in the post-Reform Period of 1998"); Andy Harono ("Government Reforms in Malaysia under the Rule of Najib Razak"); Nadia Abdul Aziz ("Crisis as a mechanism for strengthening political hegemony in Malaysia") and others.

In the Economics section, presentations were made by: Afrizal ("Politics, Society and Environment: Deforestation of the Tesso Nilo region"); Asran Alias and Melatsutra ("Planning for the construction of the new Tunjong City in Kelantan"); Azwar ("Challenges faced by small farmers in urbanisation: the case of Padang, West SumatraDahlan Tanpubolon ("Decentralization of Fiscal Policy and Economic Development in West Sumatra"); Fawzi Hussain and Izham Shafie ("The Impact of Foreign Investment and Exports on the Economic Development of Malaysia and Indonesia"); Khaliadi Sadi ("The Rich in Sebatik: Economic Development on the Border of Malaysia and Indonesia"); Indraddin ("Streamlining street Trade with Merchants' Interests and the appearance of the city"); Lindayanti ("Regulating" Folk "Plantations in Jambi"); Mohamad Nasrudin, Rohayati Asmadi and Alias Yuka Ishii ("Malaysia International Halal Food Exhibition: is Japan ready for it?"), etc.

Speakers in the Media and Literature section were: Eva Najma (Naturalism in Crane's Maggie the Street Girl and Alishahbana's The Girl in the Robber's Nest: A Comparative Study); Sarima Ismail and Hamedi (Sports Coverage in the Malaysian newspapers Utusan Malaysia and Brita Kharian""); Aditya Rahman Yani ("Pictures of the socio-cultural life of ethnic groups in the film "Upin and Ipin"); Hamedi Mohamad Adnan and Siti Ezaleila ("The role of publishing in shaping civilization"); Aryo Bayu Wibisono ("Reflection of the socio-cultural life of society in street advertising in Bali"); Armini Arbain ("Violence in the Rumah tangga system" in the short story anthology "Purple Wedding" by Indonesian women Writers"); Hairil Anwar ("Minangkabau Women in West Sumatra Folklore"); Aziza Hamzah and Ronai Imam ("The influence of electronic media on modern development"), etc.

V. A. POGADAEV

page 174
* * *

On 28 September 2011, the University of Malaya hosted the 9th Workshop on Malay Manuscripts, organized by the History Department of the University's Faculty of Humanities, the Academy of Malay Studies and the National Library of Malaysia. The report "Genealogies of Sultans: the Krusenstern manuscript" was made by a senior researcher of the Department of History, Professor Akhmat Adam. In particular, he noted that out of the 30 lists of " Genealogies of Sultans "(also known in the scientific literature under the name "History of Malaya") The list brought to St. Petersburg from Malacca by Krusenstern in 1798 is relatively new and was introduced into scientific circulation by the Russian scientist from St. Petersburg E. V. Revunenkova, who translated and published the manuscript with comments and facsimiles of the original in 2008.5 Although E. V. Revunenkova has done a lot of research, her book in Russian is not available to most researchers abroad, and therefore the manuscript needs careful study. And here it is not without new discoveries. In particular, the first analysis shows that the Krusenstern manuscript is the oldest of the available lists. It also notes the strong influence of the Javanese language, which may be due to the Javanese origin of the scribe. Some of the episodes described in the manuscript differ significantly from those found in other well-known lists, in particular the Raffles List 6 (stored in the UK). The manuscript also allows us to clarify the names of a number of mentioned rulers-sultans, as well as to get a deeper understanding of some of the rites that are described in it in more detail than in other lists (for example, the rite of burial of the raja). The manuscript also sheds a slightly different light on the palace conflict involving the famous general Hang Tuah. Here he is in conflict not with Hang Jebat, as described in the famous hikayat "The Tale of Hang Tuah" 7, but with Hang Kasturi. A Malay translation of Krusenstern's manuscript with scholarly commentary by Ahmad Adam is expected to be published in 2012.

V. A. POGADAEV

5 Revunenkova E. V. Sulalat-us-salatin: Krusenstern's Malay manuscript and its cultural and historical significance. SPb.: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 2008.

6 Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) was a British statesman and academic. In 1811-1816 he was governor of Java, in 1818-1825-governor of Bsnkulsna (West Sumatra). He is considered the founder of modern Singapore. He studied the wards of other countries, wrote works on ethnography, zoology and botany.

The Tale of Hang Tuah 7 / Translated from Malay by B. B. Parnikel. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1984.

page 175

Постоянный адрес данной публикации: