Moscow: Vostochnaya litra Publ., 2012, 309 p.

In Russian Turkology, there has long been a certain pedagogical tradition, according to which students of senior (usually IV-V) courses listened to the discipline, usually called " Turkish language. Modern newspaper Text", which combined the continuation of the study of the Turkish language at the Advanced level (Yuksek Turkce II) and an attempt to understand the current political and social processes in Turkey. At the same time, this discipline was not intended to introduce future Turkologists - linguists, literary critics, historians - to the system of mass media in this country as a whole, since the teaching of disciplines devoted to the analysis of mass media has traditionally been the domain of a different direction - journalism. In the Soviet period, due to the low availability of materials, the learning process was reduced to repeated reading, translation and analysis of the same selected newspaper articles, the relevance of which fell from semester to semester, and accordingly the relevance of the language fell.

Researchers are well aware of how rapidly the Turkish language is developing and changing at the lexical level. The Ottoman language, once under the influence of the two main languages of Muslim civilization - Arabic and Persian, borrowed a large number of Arabic and Persian words, so that they made up the absolute majority in its vocabulary; moreover, their position in the lexical layer of the language differed from the position of native Turkic words, in particular, they did not apply to them some grammatical and phonological norms, and native speakers used them as foreign words, often without subjecting them to traditional form and inflection. In the 1920s, the task was set: to purge Turkish of foreign-language borrowings and replace them with Turkic equivalents.

Thus, the Turkish language preserves two traditions: both active borrowing of vocabulary and active creation of new, artificial units. We know that Turkish in the XX-XXI centuries develops in a contradictory way: on the one hand, the Turks continue to borrow foreign words in large numbers, on the other hand, they tend to replace them with artificially created Turkic equivalents, which leads to the obsolescence of any dictionary for a maximum of Shlet. The only document that seems to record the momentary state of the language is the press (print media). That is why studying the Turkish newspaper text in the old conditions, when materials in Turkish were hardly available, often did not solve the main task: to acquaint students with the current state of the language.

Currently, there is no such problem. Both teachers and students have access to the Turkish Internet, Turkish daily newspapers, magazines, numerous TV channels and radio stations. However, another problem arises here: many media outlets introduce foreigners to the current state of the language, but not all media outlets use the literary version of modern Turkish: recently, colloquial, slang, and even, alas, obscene language has become a "good form" for a number of publications both in Russia and Turkey. A student of Turkish at this stage definitely needs the help of a teacher, who will help you choose the most successful resources for mastering the language.

In recent decades, Russian-Turkish relations have reached a fundamentally new level. Political and cultural ties between Russia and Turkey are growing stronger every day as a result of trade and economic cooperation in the 1990s and 2000s, when the volume of bilateral trade has already reached $ 30 billion and is expected to reach $ 100 billion in the near future, and a large number of strategic state-level projects are currently being implemented. In the context of these processes, the role of mass media is difficult to overestimate, and the ability to effectively manage the information received is sometimes of paramount importance. Therefore, in modern conditions, it is important for future specialists to become fully familiar with the system of mass media of the country under study, the political orientation of certain newspapers, TV and radio companies, and Internet portals (which is often reflected even in the vocabulary used in publications), as well as the emergence of a discipline that will not only allow future specialists to master special vocabulary, but it will also systematically introduce you to the media complex of this country.

A peer-reviewed publication dedicated to the modern Turkish-Russian press is designed to implement such plans in domestic Turkology. This textbook introduces students to modern media vocabulary and comprehensively presents the most authoritative Turkish media. It is also worth noting the academic importance of this work. Mass media-newspapers, the Internet, television, radio-provide an opportunity to monitor the current," momentary " state of such a lexically variable language as Turkish.

The manual consists of a preface (p. 3-6), the main part, which is represented by ten lessons (p. 7-161), Turkish-Russian (p. 162-223) and Russian-Turkish (p. 224-286) dictionaries, as well as several appendices-lists of some terms and their Turkish correspondences: the main international organizations and their representatives; the most commonly used ones toponyms in the Turkish-Russian press; authorities of the Republic of Turkey and their representatives; authorities of the Russian Federation and their representatives; various sports, including Olympic ones; movie genres; abbreviations that are most commonly used in the Turkish press. As can be seen from the appendix lists alone, the topic of this manual goes far beyond the stated one and covers various spheres of social life: from politics to medicine, from science to culture.

In the preface, the authors note that they used texts taken from the most significant news resources: from leading Turkish central daily newspapers, from leading Internet news portals.

The topic of the first lesson (p. 7-22) is particularly useful for interpreting and translating texts related to public service and diplomacy. The lesson discusses the official visit of the first person of the state and analyzes the vocabulary that is often used in solemn speeches, usually full of various bureaucratic cliches, which in Turkish, as a rule, are transmitted by rarely used Ottomans in modern speech. The topic of international politics-Middle East, Turkey, Russia, USA, Europe-continues in the second, third and fourth lessons. In the footnotes to the first lesson, the authors distinguish two

interesting problems (one of a morphological and syntactic nature, and the other of a lexical nature, respectively): the problem of fluctuations in the affixes belonging to the 3rd person unit in the use of an affix or non-affix izafet (p.7) and the problem of word formation in the Turkish language (p. 13), which may well become the topics of independent scientific articles.

The fifth lesson is devoted to a topic that has become particularly relevant for the media in the context of the Arab Spring in the Middle East and Bolotnaya Square in Russia. The lesson analyzes special vocabulary related to the socio-political situation in the country, elections, and anti-government protests. The sixth lesson highlights a problem that seems less acute in recent times, but is still relevant. We are talking about the global financial crisis and the socio-economic situation in the country, special economic terminology is analyzed. The seventh and eighth lessons are devoted to global problems of humanity: international terrorism, AIDS, drugs, ecology and environmental protection, cyber fraud, piracy. The ninth lesson examines different types of disasters: natural, man-made and transport. Translations of such topics are particularly difficult because often this topic implies knowledge of medical terminology. The authors of the manual perfectly show this in the material. The tenth lesson is dedicated to sports and culture, and here, of course, the vocabulary is limitless: This includes sports terminology, art history, film studies, and theater studies. For example, the block of exercises for this lesson contains a text about the La Scala Theater tour (p. 160).

Both Turkish-Russian and Russian-Turkish dictionaries are particularly valuable. In Russian Turkology, there is a tradition to use A. N. Baskakov's academic Large Turkish-Russian dictionary, which includes 200 thousand words and phrases, when translating texts for practical purposes and especially when working with students (2nd ed. Moscow: Rus. yaz., 1998). It is considered the most authoritative, as it was compiled at one time by the country's leading Turkologists and has an impressive volume. Currently, various publishing houses have published a lot of dictionaries on various topics: political, military, economic, construction, computer. In addition, both in Russia and Turkey, there are a large number of online dictionaries (explanatory, bilingual and monolingual wiki dictionaries compiled by users). A common drawback of all these works is, as a rule, the lack of an academic base among their authors, which leads to an incomplete reflection of the special vocabulary of a particular field of knowledge. The dictionaries given in the publication by E. A. Oganova and S. N. Vorobyova meet all the requirements: they are compiled at the proper scientific level, and reflect the latest vocabulary on the subject. It is obvious that with a good knowledge of the language, this manual can be used not only for training, but also as a practical, desktop reference book for a diplomatic worker when compiling various written documents of a protocol nature, for example, when writing diplomatic notes, appeals, requests, invitations, etc.

The only thing that this manual unfortunately lacks is a detailed list of forms of written and oral appeals to officials of the Republic of Turkey, as well as at least a short guide to Turkish media punctuation and the structure of a newspaper article or official document. Such a section would certainly increase the practical value of the manual, but its absence does not detract from the existing value. As a wish, the authors would like to express their hope for (1) the creation of a manual on business correspondence and writing official texts in Turkish, the lack of which is currently clearly felt by all those who constantly work with the Turkish language in official authorities and large business organizations; and (2) the continuation of dictionary work and the creation of a manual for writing official texts in an updated large academic dictionary that would reflect the state of the Turkish language in the 21st century.

This manual, which, as the authors report, is the result of many years of teaching and translation practice, solves two tasks simultaneously: it introduces students to the system of the most authoritative mass media in Turkey in a comprehensive way and teaches translation in the framework of the most relevant topics. The appearance of such a book and, I would like to hope, such a course at the Department of Turkic Philology of the ISAA of Moscow State University would be a response to the urgent need for an interdisciplinary course on mass media that has arisen in the Turkological environment.

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